Inactivated vaccines provide a safe and controlled means of stimulating immunity and protecting against specific infectious diseases. Through our unwavering commitment to rigorous research, continuous innovation, and fruitful collaborations, we are dedicated to exploring new frontiers in the field of inactivated vaccine development.
Overview of Inactivated Vaccines
Inactivated vaccines are immunization agents composed of non-viable pathogens, typically viruses or bacteria, that have undergone a process to render them incapable of causing disease. Unlike live-attenuated vaccines, which contain weakened forms of the pathogen, inactivated vaccines employ killed or inactivated versions. The primary objective of inactivated vaccines is to stimulate the immune system's response without causing the actual disease.
Fig. 1 COVID-19 inactivated vaccines and mechanisms of action. (Liu Y, Ye Q., 2022)
How Do Inactivated Vaccines Work?
The mechanism of action of inactivated vaccines revolves around the immune system's ability to recognize and respond to foreign substances. When an inactivated vaccine is administered, the immune system perceives the components of the pathogen as foreign and mounts a defense response. This response involves the activation of various immune cells, including B cells and T cells.
B Cell Activation
Inactivated vaccines primarily stimulate B cells to produce neutralizing antibodies. These antibodies bind to the surface proteins of the pathogen, preventing its entry into host cells. By eliciting a robust antibody response, inactivated vaccines enhance the body's ability to resist subsequent encounters with the pathogen.
T Cell Activation
T cells play a crucial role in cellular immunity. Inactivated vaccines typically induce a weaker cellular immune response compared to live-attenuated vaccines. However, they can still activate certain subsets of T cells, contributing to the overall immune defense against the pathogen.
Common Inactivated Vaccines for Infectious Disease Prevention
Inactivated vaccines have been developed for various pathogens and have played a critical role in infectious disease prevention and control. Here are some common examples of inactivated vaccines:
| Vaccine Name |
Targets |
Indications |
Status |
| Polio Vaccine |
Structural proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3) and non-structural proteins (2A, 2B, 2C, 3A, 3B, 3C) |
Polio |
Available on the market |
| Hepatitis Vaccine |
Viral capsid protein VP1; hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) |
Hepatitis infections |
Available on the market |
| Influenza Vaccine |
Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins |
Seasonal influenza |
Available on the market |
| Rabies Vaccine |
Rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) |
Rabies |
Available on the market |
| Pertussis Vaccine |
Pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN), and fimbriae (FIM) |
Pertussis |
Available on the market |
| Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine |
Viral envelope protein |
Japanese encephalitis |
Available on the market |
| Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) Vaccine |
Envelope protein (E) and the pre-membrane protein (prM) |
Tick-borne encephalitis |
Available on the market |
Our Services
Inactivated vaccines employ inactivated or dead pathogens to stimulate the immune system and provide protection against infectious diseases. As a prominent authority in the field of vaccine development, our company is committed to advancing the preclinical development of inactivated vaccines. We strive to harness the potential of inactivated pathogens in order to create safe and effective immunization strategies against a wide range of infectious diseases.
Workflow of Inactivated Vaccine Development
Target Pathogen Research
Our experts conduct extensive research and surveillance to gain insights into the characteristics, epidemiology, and impact of target pathogens.
Pathogen Inactivation
We employ heat treatment, chemical inactivation, or irradiation to inactivate the pathogens, ensuring that they retain their immunogenicity while losing their infectivity.
Preclinical Studies
We conduct preclinical studies on the formulated inactivated vaccines to assess the safety and immunogenicity of vaccine candidates.
Isolation and Cultivation
Next, we isolate and cultivate the target pathogens in a controlled laboratory environment. We optimize the cultivation conditions to promote the growth of the pathogens.
Vaccine Formulation
After purification, the inactivated pathogen is formulated with adjuvants and other necessary components to enhance its immunogenicity and stability.
Advantages of Inactivated Vaccines
- Safety and Stability
- Induction of Humoral Immunity
- Flexibility and Customizability
- Suitable for Immunocompromised Individuals
- Ability to be formulated into multivalent vaccines
- Reduce the risk of reverting to pathogenicity
By harnessing cutting-edge technologies and fostering collaborative partnerships with experts in various disciplines, we aim to unlock new possibilities and overcome challenges in order to develop safe, effective, and globally impactful inactivated vaccines. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more details and quotation information of related services.
References
- Liu Y, Ye Q. Safety and Efficacy of the Common Vaccines against COVID-19[J]. Vaccines, 2022, 10(4): 513.
- Hotez P J, Bottazzi M E. Whole inactivated virus and protein-based COVID-19 vaccines[J]. Annual Review of Medicine, 2022, 73(1): 55-64.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use
only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.
